On November 14th, a panel of experts gathered to discuss the evolution, challenges, and future of peacekeeping operations in a rapidly changing geopolitical landscape. Moderated by Jennifer Welsh, the event was hosted by the Max Bell School and the Centre for International Peace and Security Studies (). The discussion featured Victoria Holt, Director of the John Sloan Dickey Center for International Understanding at Dartmouth University; Teohna Williams, Senior Protection of Civilians Adviser in the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); and Oliver Ulich, Head of the Performance and Protection Pillar at the UN Department of Peace Operations. Together, they explored peacekeeping as a multilateral tool, its successes, and the obstacles it faces moving forward.Ìý
The discussion began with a candid reflection on the challenges facing peacekeeping in a fragmented geopolitical environment. Drawing on his experiences in the UN Department of Peace Operations and missions in Sudan, Ulich painted a vivid picture of peacekeeping’s dual role as a stabilizing force and a political chess piece. Ulich noted how events like the abrupt withdrawal of UN peacekeepers from Mali highlight the fragility of missions when local and international politics collide. Yet, he expressed optimism, arguing that peacekeeping continues to serve as a rare space where member states find common ground. "Even in a divided Security Council," Ulich said, "peacekeeping can unite nations around shared security goals, proving its resilience as a multilateral tool."Ìý
The panel provided historical depth and a sharp analysis of peacekeeping’s evolution, particularly regarding the protection of civilians. Reflecting on Canada’s peacekeeping mission in Rwanda, Holt explained how that experience led to a stronger focus on civilian protection in peacekeeping efforts. "It was a response born of necessity," she said, stressing that peacekeeping must always center on the well-being of people. Drawing on her extensive experience in the Clinton and Obama administrations, Holt offered an optimistic view of peacekeeping’s potential to balance immediate humanitarian needs with long-term stability, showcasing its ability to adapt to new challenges while remaining people-centered.Ìý
The session came to life with firsthand accounts from MONUSCO, one of the UN’s most challenging peacekeeping missions. Leading the Protection of Civilians Unit in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Williams described the delicate balancing act of training local actors, crafting policy, and managing on-the-ground realities in conflict zones. Within the context of MONUSCO’s phased withdrawal, Williams emphasized the importance of ensuring sustainable peace in the absence of peacekeepers. "Successful disengagement should be based on conditions," she stated, adding that "while for now physical protection remains critical, the ultimate solution is political." She also highlighted ongoing challenges, such as ensuring freedom of movement and addressing the humanitarian crises unfolding in contested areas, underscoring the mission’s vital role in safeguarding lives while empowering the Congolese state to take itsÌýfull responsibility for the safety and security of its population.
The panel concluded with a call for continued reflection and innovation in peacekeeping practices. As the international community grapples with emerging threats and geopolitical complexities, the insights shared by Ulich, Holt, and Williams underscore the importance of maintaining peacekeeping as a versatile and people-centered tool for global security.Ìý
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