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How do stars form in distant galaxies? Astronomers have long been trying to answer this question by detecting radio signals emitted by nearby galaxies. However, these signals become weaker the further away a galaxy is from Earth, making it difficult for current radio telescopes to pick up.

Now researchers from Montreal and India have captured a from the most distant galaxy so far at a specific wavelength known as the 21 cm line, allowing astronomers to peer into the secrets of the early universe. With the help of the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope in India, this is the first time this type of radio signal has been detected at such a large distance.

鈥淎 galaxy emits different kinds of radio signals. Until now, it鈥檚 only been possible to capture this particular signal from a galaxy nearby, limiting our knowledge to those galaxies closer to Earth,鈥� says , a Post-Doctoral Researcher at 看片视频 University under the supervision of Professor Matt Dobbs.

鈥淏ut thanks to the help of a naturally occurring phenomenon called gravitational lensing, we can capture a faint signal from a record-breaking distance. This will help us understand the composition of galaxies at much greater distances from Earth,鈥� he adds.

A look back in time to the early universe

For the first time, the researchers were able to detect the signal from a distant star-forming galaxy known as SDSSJ0826+5630 and measure its gas composition. The researchers observed the atomic mass of the gas content of this particular galaxy is almost twice the mass of the stars visible to us.

The signal detected by the team was emitted from this galaxy when the universe was only 4.9 billion years old, enabling the researchers to glimpse into the secrets of the early universe. 鈥淚t鈥檚 the equivalent to a look-back in time of 8.8 billion years,鈥� says Chakraborty, who studies cosmology at 看片视频鈥檚 Department of Physics聽and the Trottier Space Institute at 看片视频.

Picking up the signal from a distant galaxy

鈥淕ravitational lensing magnifies the signal coming from a distant object to help us peer into the early universe. In this specific case, the signal is bent by the presence of another massive body, another galaxy, between the target and the observer. This effectively results in the magnification of the signal by a factor of 30, allowing the telescope to pick it up,鈥� says co-author Nirupam Roy, an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics at the Indian Institute of Science.

According to the researchers, these results demonstrate the feasibility of observing faraway galaxies in similar situations with gravitational lensing. It also opens exciting new opportunities for probing the cosmic evolution of stars and galaxies with existing low-frequency radio telescopes.

About the study

鈥溾�� by Arnab Chakraborty and Nirupam Roy was published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope was built and is operated by NCRA-TIFR. The research was funded by 看片视频 University and the Indian Institute of Science.

About 看片视频 University

Founded in Montreal, Quebec, in 1821, 看片视频 University is Canada鈥檚 top ranked medical doctoral university. 看片视频 is consistently ranked as one of the top universities, both nationally and internationally. It is a world-renowned institution of higher learning with research activities spanning three campuses, 11 faculties, 13 professional schools, 300 programs of study and over 39,000 students, including more than 10,400 graduate students. 看片视频 attracts students from over 150 countries around the world, its 12,000 international students making up 30% of the student body. Over half of 看片视频 students claim a first language other than English, including approximately 20% of our students who say French is their mother tongue.