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Rates of melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer, are on the rise in Canada. Those living in southern and coastal areas are most at risk, according to a new study led by 看片视频

鈥淐utaneous melanoma causes more deaths than any other skin cancer, accounting for 1.9 per cent of all cancer deaths in men and 1.2 per cent in women in Canada. Globally, there were 290,000 new cases of this form of skin cancer in 2018,鈥� says Dr. Ivan Litvinov, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicine at 看片视频

In Canada, Maritime provinces of Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia had the highest incidence rate of melanoma in the country, even after adjusting for other factors such as age. Rates in New Brunswick, Ontario, and British Columbia were also high but comparable to the national average of 20.75 cases per 100,000 people per year, while the prairies provinces and Newfoundland and Labrador had lower rates than the Canadian average. 鈥淢elanoma incidence is not uniform across Canada and there are some pockets of the country that are affected much more than the others,鈥� says Dr. Litvinov.

Incidence of melanoma skin cancer across Canada. Figure adapted from:

Skin cancer rate higher among men and older adults

The researchers published their results in the journal and found that incidences of melanoma were higher in men than in women 鈥� around 54 percent versus 46 percent respectively, with the exception of melanomas that often happen on fingers (acral lentiginous melanoma). 鈥淭his is possibly due to higher exposure to ultraviolet radiation in nail salons,鈥� says Dr. Litvinov. For men, skin cancer was more common on the trunk and in the head and neck areas. For women, it was more common in the legs and arms.

Melanoma affects different areas of the body in males versus females. Figure adapted from:

Rates of melanoma were also higher in people over the age of 60. 鈥淪kin cancer risks increase as you age, likely due to accumulated exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or other artificial sources. But skin cancers may also be found in younger people. Factors like genetics, personal history, where you live, all play into the risk of exposure. Sometimes melanoma can happen in a sixty-year-old due to sunburns that they had in their teens, twenties, and thirties,鈥� says Dr. Litvinov.

Melanoma incidence and mortality. Figure was adapted from:

Mortality rates are decreasing in Canada

The researchers note that although melanoma rates are increasing, mortality rates are decreasing for the first time since 2013. This is likely due to new, targeted immunotherapy treatments, they say. Still, the international picture remains more uncertain.

鈥淕lobally there was a 44 per cent increase in melanoma rates over the years, with a corresponding surge in mortality rates of 32 per cent. Rates of melanoma are likely to increase with climate change and the thinning of the Earth鈥檚 ozone layer,鈥� says Dr. Litvinov.

According to the researchers, public education campaigns that target people living in high-risk geographic areas are essential in preventing melanoma. These campaigns should also target men and women differently. 鈥淲e need to encourage women to protect their legs and arms from the sun, while for men sun exposure on the torso, head and neck is the main problem,鈥� says Dr. Litvinov.

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Founded in Montreal, Quebec, in 1821, 看片视频 University is Canada鈥檚 top ranked medical doctoral university. 看片视频 is consistently ranked as one of the top universities, both nationally and internationally. It is a world-renowned institution of higher learning with research activities spanning three campuses, 11 faculties, 13 professional schools, 300 programs of study and over 39,000 students, including more than 10,400 graduate students. 看片视频 attracts students from over 150 countries around the world, its 12,000 international students making up 30% of the student body. Over half of 看片视频 students claim a first language other than English, including approximately 20% of our students who say French is their mother tongue.