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Graduate-level courses are generally offered in English, and English-language abilities must be demonstrated for admission. In order to communicate fully with all law students at 看片视频, and to understand all course materials, the ability to speak and read French is an asset. At 看片视频's Faculty of Law, all students may choose to write essays, examinations, and theses in English or French.

Applicants to graduate studies whose mother tongue is not English, and who have not completed an undergraduate or graduate degree from a recognized foreign institution where English is the language of instruction or from a recognized Canadian or American (English or French) institution, must submit documented proof of competency in oral and written English. Before acceptance, appropriate exam results must be submitted directly from the TOEFL, IELTS, MELAB, ESOL, or EDEXCEL offices. An institutional version of the TOEFL is not acceptable. For an application to be considered, a TOEFL, IELTS, MELAB, ESOL, or EDEXCEL test result, 看片视频 Certificate of Proficiency in English or 看片视频 Certificate of Proficiency 鈥� English for Professional Communication must be available.

Generally, successful applicants to our LL.M. and D.C.L. programs typically report scores of at least 100 on the TOEFL (iBT), 600 on the TOEFL (PBT), 250 on the TOEFL (CBT), a band score of 7.0 or greater on the IELTS, a grade of 85 or higher on the MELAB, a grade of 鈥淎鈥� (Excellent) on the ESOL (CAE), a grade of 鈥淏鈥� (Good) or higher on the ESOL (CPE), an overall grade of at least 鈥淒istinction鈥� on the EDEXCEL (Level 4) or an overall grade of at least 鈥淢erit鈥� on the EDEXCEL (Level 5).

In all programs, non-Canadian applicants whose mother tongue is French must achieve a minimum TOEFL score of 567 (227 paper-based or 86 on the Internet-based test, with each component score not less than 20) or an IELTS score of 7.0 overall band. This is because 看片视频 students can write essays, examinations and theses in French, even where the course is taught in English. Note that the majority of courses in Graduate Programs in Law are taught in English.

For information about the TOEFL, and to register to take the test, see . For information about the IELTS, see . There may be a lengthy delay for registration, and it takes approximately 40 days to communicate the results. For both tests, the official results should be sent directly from the testing institution to Graduate Programs in Law. For the TOEFL, 看片视频鈥檚 institutional code is 0935 and Law鈥檚 departmental code is 03. These codes must be provided to TOEFL when requesting a test report form. For the IELTS, applicants must ask for an official report to be sent to Graduate Programs in Law at the Graduate Programs鈥� departmental address. These tests must be taken sufficiently early for results to reach 看片视频 no later than February 1 of the year of admission. Application files must be completed by that date to be considered.

French: The ability to speak or read French is an asset but not a necessity. In areas such as the study of private law in the civilian tradition or comparative private law, a reading knowledge of French is essential. Applicants should indicate their knowledge of French on the admissions questionnaire; they will be notified if French is essential to the area of study.

Applicants demonstrating outstanding academic ability will be considered for admission to the doctoral program.

Review of the completed master鈥檚 thesis is normally part of the admission decision鈥搈aking process. Exceptionally, a candidate with a non-thesis master's degree with an outstanding file may be admitted to the doctoral program.

Candidates for admission to the LL.M. program must hold a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) degree, or its equivalent, with at least Upper Second Class honours or the equivalent of 3.0/4.0 cumulative grade point average. However, this standing does not guarantee admission; the Graduate 看片视频 Committee weighs the entire file, including the applicant's references and the quality of the research proposal.

Furthermore, in the case of thesis programs, the Committee must consider the availability of a supervisor. If a supervisor is not available in the applicant's preferred field of study, the applicant may be refused admission or else offered admission pending a change of field of study.

Students who apply for admission to the LL.M. Thesis or Non-Thesis program at the Faculty of Law may specify an interest in these options.

Requirements for admission to the Master's program in Bioethics from the base discipline Law are the same as for admission to the LL.M.

For further information, see the Bioethics section of this publication, or contact the Chair, Master鈥檚 Specialization in Bioethics, Biomedical Ethics Unit, 3647 Peel Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 1W9. Telephone: 514-398-6980; fax: 514-398-8349; email: kathleen.glass [at] mcgill.ca.

The requirements for admission to the graduate certificate programs are essentially the same as for the master's programs, except that greater weight may be placed on professional experience.

Graduate Certificate in Air and Space Law

Candidates desiring a Graduate Certificate in Air and Space Law who do not hold a law degree may be admitted if they have earned an undergraduate university degree in another discipline and possess sufficient professional experience to compensate for the lack of a law degree (as determined by the Graduate 看片视频 Committee).

The Graduate Certificate is awarded after at least one term of residence in the Faculty and upon completion of a minimum of 15 academic credits of law courses. Those credits must include the three Air and Space law courses obligatory for master's students (ASPL 633 Public International Air Law, ASPL 636 Private International Air Law, and ASPL 637 Space Law: General Principles), which are all offered in the Fall term. Students may take courses beyond the minimum of 15 credits, and these additional courses may be non-law courses. Graduate Certificate students often remain in residence for both terms and take all of the Air and Space Law courses.

Graduate Certificate in Comparative Law

The Graduate Certificate is awarded after at least one term of residence in the Faculty upon completion of a minimum of 15 course credits. In every case, the program is structured to meet individual needs and must be approved by the Associate Dean (Graduate Studies).